Alkyl thiophene-aldehyde synthetic resins



Patented Nov. 2, 1948 ALKYL THIOPHENE-ALDEHYDE SYNTHETIC RESINS Philip D. Caesar, Champaign, IlL, assignor to Socony-Va'cuum' Oil Company, Incorporated, 8. corporation of New York No Drawing.

12 Claims. i This invention relates to the condensation of alkyl thiophene with aldehydes, and is more particularly concerned with the method of preparing valuable synthetic resins through the condensation of alkyl thiophenes with aldehydes and/or the co-condensation of alkyl thiophenes an phenol with aldehydes.

Condensation reactions are well known and connote reactions that involve the union, under suitable conditions, between atoms in the same or different molecules to form new compounds of greater complexity and higher molecular weight. Ordinarily, the condensation is effected in the presence of materials, known in the art as condensing agents, that facilitate the union. The nature of the products obtained in condensation operations depends, of course, upon the type of reactants involved, the character of the COD-.-

densing agents, the relative concentration of the reactants, and on the temperature, pressure, and time of reaction employed, usually referred to as condensation reaction conditions.

Condensation reactions form the basis of many processes for manufacturing some of the most important synthetic resins. These synthetic resins may be liquids, semi-solids or solids, depending upon the nature and conditions of the condensation reactions. However, they have the common properties of being amorphous, of having no tendency to crystallize, and of having somewhat complex molecular structures.

As is well known to those familiar with the art, it has been proposed to carry out the condensation of thiophene with aldehydes in the presence of appreciable amounts, of the order of 100% and up to 200%, based on the weight of thiophene in the charge, ofphosphorus pentoxide as condensing agent. The products of this reaction have been invariably compounds, the molecules of which contain one or two thiophene groups.

In accordance with this method of the prior art,.

Thiophe-ne Formel- Thiophene dehyde s n s Di-thienyl methane More recently, it has been proposed to carry out Application December 18,1949, Serial No. 792,620

the reaction of thiophene with aldehydes in the presence of excess amounts, of the order of 300% and over, based on the weight of thiophene in the. charge, of hydrochloric acid. In this case, in addition to thienylmethyl chloride, di-thienyl methane is formed as a main product of the reaction. The chloromethylation of aromatic hydrocarbons through the use of hydrochloric acid and formaldehyde is well known in the art, and when applied to thiophene instead of aromatic hydrocarbons, a portion, at least, of the thiophene is chloromethylated. This would seem to account for the production of substantial amounts of thienylmethyl chloride in accordance with the equation:

HC--CH H HG--GH H H J H-i-HOH-JJ=O 0 Hi! -$-OI+HIO I S H S Thiophene Formal- Thienylmethyl chloride dehyde The fact that appreciable amounts of dithienyl methane are also produced may be ascribed to the reactive nature of thienylmethyl chloride. It is believed that thienylmethyl chloride, in the presence of additional amounts of thiophene, reacts therewith causing HCl to split oil to produce dithienyl methane in accordance with the following equation:

, It may be stated, therefore, that the condensation of thiophene with aldehydes, in'accordance with the methods known to the prior art,

produced liquid or crystalline \compounds having comparatively simple molecular structures and well-established chemical formulae.

A copending application, Serial Number 524,622,

filed March 1, 1944, now abandoned, in which the densation reactant and of the acidic condensing agent and the concentration of the acidic condensiiig agent used, together with the temperature and time of reaction to effect resinification.

In accordance with the method set forth in this co'pending application, a novel type of condensation reaction between thiophene and aldehydes is achieved. This new type of condensation reaction is effected in the presence of well volving thiophene and aldehydes of the prior art,

the reaction does not yield liquid or crystalline compounds having comparatively simple molecular structures and well established chemical formulae; but rather, through the use of controlled concentrations of well known acidic condensing agents, and by carrying out the reaction under controlled condensation reaction conditions, it produces amorphous substances having complex molecular structures and useful as synthetic resins.

As a result of the new type of condensation reaction between thiophene and aldehydes described in this copending application, a liquid product, a resilient rubber-like product, or a solid product maybe produced. These three products are modifications of the condensation reaction product that is formed and represent various stages of resinification. In the copending application referred to, this novel type of condensation of thiophene with aldehydes was postulated to proceed as follows: A primary reaction produces a thienyl methanol in accordance with the equation:

HC-OH HC-CH H H O=( 1 H l( 30H 8 i S t Thiophene Formal- Thienyl methanol dehydc Further condensation of the alcohol is accompanied by the splitting off of water to produce the condensation products in accordance with the following formula:

H HO I stage of resinification, and the resilient rubberlike mass representing intermediate stages of resinification.

In so far as I am aware, no attempt has ever been. made to effect the condensation of alkyl thiophenes with aldehydes. It must be noted that because of the alkyl side-groups, particularly in the case of polyalkyl thiophenes, and in accordance with the mechanism postulated in the copending application referred to .for the con-' densation of thiophene with aldehydes, there are phene and even monoalkyl thiophenes.

fewer active hydrogen atoms available and, therefore, it is more diflicult to obtain high molecular weight condensation products than from thio- This, however,is not the case for all dialkyl thiophenes. In accordance with the present invention, 3,4- dimethyl thiophene:

will condense with aldehydes to produce relatively high molecular weight condensation products. This is due to the fact that the two most active hydrogen atoms, those on the two carbons that are alpha to the sulfur atom, are still available.

1 have now found that valuable synthetic resin! may be prepared by condensing alkyl thiophenes with aldehydes through the use of acidic condensing agents in controlled concentrations and under controlled condensation reaction conditions.

I have also found that valuable synthetic resins may be prepared by co-condensing alkyl thiophenes and phenol and/or thiophene with aldehydes, likewise through the use of acidic condensing agents in controlled concentrations and under controlled condensation reaction conditions.

It must be understood that by the term alkyl thiophenes, I mean monoalkyl thiophenes as well as polyalkyl thiophenes; however, and in the interest of brevity, monoalkyl thiophenes and polyalkyl thiophenes will be referred to hereinafter as alkyl thiophenes.

It must be observed that by valuable synthetic resins, I have referenceto liquid and solid materials that can be molded or cast into forms or shapes which have considerable mechanical strength. Many condensation reactions produce powders which cannot be molded and which lack desirable mechanical properties almost entirely. For instance, the condensation of aromatic hydrocarbons with formaldehyde produces so-called formalites in the form of powders which cannot be molded under any conditions of temperature and pressure. Such powders may be used only as fillers in the fabrication of various plastics.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of effecting the condensation of alkyl thiophenes with aldehydes. Another object is to provide a method of effecting the co-condensation of alkyl thiophenes and phenol and/ or thiophene with aldehydes. A more specific object is to provide a method of preparing valuable synthetic resins. A very important object is to afford a method capable of carrying out the above objects by effecting the condensation operation through the use of acidic condensing agents in controlled concentrations and under controlled condensation reaction conditions. Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent tothose skilled in the art from the following description.

Broadly stated, my invention provides a meth v 0d of preparing valuable synthetic resins, which comprises reacting alkyl thiophenes or a mixture of alkyl thiophenes and phenol and/or thiophene, with an aldehyde, in the presence of an acidic condensingagent in controlled concentrations, and correlating the nature of the aldehyde and ofthe acidic condensing agent, and the con'centration of the acidic condensing agent used, to-- gether with the temperature and time of reaction to effect resinification.

The rate and control of the condensation reaction between alkyl'thiophenes and aldehydes, and between alkyl thiophenes, thiophene and/or phenol and 'aldehydes are similar to the rate and control of the condensation reaction between thiophene and aldehydes, as set forth in the copending application referred to hereinbefore. Accordingly; they "depend upon many factors. These may be listed as follows:

1. Nature of acidic condensing agent 2. Concentration of acidic condensing agent used 3. Nature of aldehyde a a. Ratio of aldehyde to alkyl thiophene 5. Temperature 6. Time 1 7 Character of the system These factors-may vary in characteror magnle tude. hence, they may be referred to, more appropriately, as reaction variables. It must be understood, however, that they are. more or less interdependent, therefore, when one isarbitrarily fixed, the limits within which the others may be varied are somewhat restricted. In any particular case, for instance, with a given acidic condensing agent and a given aldehyde, the most dehereinafter.

As stated hereinbefore, any of the well known acidic condensing agents is suitable for the method of my invention. Generally speaking, acids andsalts of a weak base and a strong acid have been found to be very effective condensing agents for carrying out the condensation reaction, By

, .way of non-limiting examples, sulfuric acid, trichloroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, maleic acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid. and anhydrous hydroiluor'ic acid may :be mentioned as suitable ,Lacids, whilejammonlum chloride, .zinc chloride,

mercuric chloride, and ammonium sulphatemay "be mentioned as suitablesalts for use as condens- .ing agents in the condensationyreaction' of the I present invention. I have found, however, that 'the nature of the condensing agent employed affects the time and temperature required to effect thecondensation. "With respectto the acids and salts referred to, it may be stated that their condensing activity varies directly with the strength of the acidused as'condensing agent, or with the strength of. the acid produced by hydrolysis of the salt used as condensing agent. Hence, the time and temperature required to effect the condensation vary inversely as the strength of .the acid employed or of the acid produced. by hydrolysis. It;must be understood, that when I speak of strength. of the acid, I have reference tration of acid employed or produced.

If a strong acid, for example, sulfuric acid, is employed as condensingagent, in practice, the amount used is small and varies between 0.1%

, and 10% by weight based on the weight of the alkyl thiophene reactant, although the total amount used, if desired, may be many times the weight of the alkyl thiophenein the charge. 0n

the other hand, if a weak acid, for example,

maleic acid or'tartar ic acid, is employed as condensing agent, the amounts are proportionately greater, and in practice vary between 10% and a 100% by weight, based on the weight of the alkyl thiophene reactant, although, again, the total actaoeo I controlled. For example, sulfuric acid which is the preferred condensing agent, is so active that polymerization, oxidation, sulfonation', etc., of the alkyl thiophene occur readily. Since, as stated hereinbefore, relatively only small amounts of sulfuric acid are necessary to carry out the condensation reaction of my invention, and since sirablemagnitude of each 'of the remaining reaction variables can be readily ascertained by one skilled inthe art, the limits within which these reaction variables may vary being indicated even small amounts of sulfuric acid cause the secondary reactions referred to, to occur to an appreciable extent, I'have found it necessary to use sulfuric acid with suitable diluents. Accordingly, and by way of non-limiting examples, I

may use 10% solutions of concentrated sulfuric acid in glacial acetic acid or %solutions of concentrated=sulfuric-acid in water, in quantities necessary toproduce the desired amounts of sul-: furic acid as condensing agent. 'I'husas stated hereinbefore ,ithe.amount of sulfuric acid used] can be many times (200% and above) by weight, the

weight of the alk'ylithiophenes in the charge,

. provided that a sufficient amount ofwater is added so that the concentration, of the; aqueous sulfuric acid solution obtained is less than'80 I preferably, less than sulfuric acid by weight, a

a concentration of less than 30% being, especially preferred. Above 80% concentration, aqueous solutions of sulfuricacid will cause sludgy resinification of the alkyl thiophene reactant itself.

As mentioned hereinbefore, glacial acetic acid may be used as a diluent for the sulfuric acid. but the diluenteffect's of water and of glacial acetic acidare'very different, acetic acid decreasing .the condensation activity of condensing agents such as sulfuric acid and anhydrous hydrofluoric acid, relatively little, when compared with water; Itmust be noted that condensing agents such as anhydrous hydrochloric acid, maleicacid, and tartaric acid do not ionize in anhydrous media having low dielectric constants, andhence, will not causeresinification in such media aswilllthe ionizable sulfuric acid and anhydrous hydrofluoric, acid. I have found that whenglacial acetic acid is used as the diluent,

. the concentration of'sulfuric acid in the glacial l to theidegree of ionization, andnot to the concenacetic acid-sulfuric acid solution should. be less than 30%, and,preferably, less than 10%.

Since then,in accordance with my invention, the concentration of the condensing agent used is a very important factor, it must be noted that-the amount of condensing agent utilized isgoverned to some extent by the character of the system. For example, other reaction variables being constant. if the system is anhydrous and if sulfuric acid is the condensing agent, water or glacial acetic acid must be added prior to the addition of the condensing agent in amounts to produce, when the. ap ropriate amounts of sulfuric acid are ultimately added, a solution of condensing agent having a concentration falling within the ranges indi cated hereinbefore. Onthe other hand, if water is present, sulfuric acid in amounts of at least .0.1% based on the weight of the alkyl thiophenes in the charge, but not exceeding an amount which 7 would produce an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid in the charge greater than 80%, preferably, 60% concentration is used.

Any aldehyde or any aldehyde-containing material or any product obtained by subjecting aldehydes to polymerization reactions may be used as the aldehyde condensation reactant in the method of my invention. Formaldehyde, paraldehyde, paraformaldehyde, benzaldehyde and formalin solutions may be mentioned by way of non-limiting examples, as suitable aldehyde condensation reactants. In the preferred embodiment of my invention, the manufacture of synthetic resins, I prefer to use formaldehyde or paraldehyde. I have found, however, that the nature of the aldehyde condensation reactantlikewise affects the time and temperature required for effecting the desired condensation reaction. Other reaction variables remaining constant, the rate of condensation will be a maximum for low-molecular weight aldehydes,

The 'ratio of aldehyde condensation reactant to alkyl thiophene reactant controls the rate of condensation. I have found that a substantial excess of aldehyde reactant shows a tendency to shorten the reaction time and at the same time increases eral, I use a reaction mixture wherein the molar ratio of aldehyde reactant to alkyl thiophene reactant is at least 1:1, respectively. Ordinarily,

I prefer to usea charge in which the aldehyde reactant and the alkyl thiophene reactant are present in a molecular'proportion falling within the range varying between 2:1 and 1:1, respectively, although under the conditions of condensation of the method of my invention, the condensation comprises reacting an alkyl thiophene with an aldehyde reactant in a mole ratio of 1:1. If an excess of alkyl thiophene reactant or of aldehyde reactant is employed, it can be recovered substantially quantitatively after completion of the reaction. Even if a charge in which the alkyl thiophene reactant and aldehyde reactant are present in mole proportions of two or more to one, respectively, is subjected to the condensation conditions of my invention, there is no evidence that compounds, such as dithienyl methane .are formed. Apparently, in accordance with the process of the present invention, the reaction will always involve one mole of aldehyde and one mole of an alkyl thiophene, whether the alkyl thio-' phene reactant or the aldehyde reactant are in molar excess over the other or not. In my method of carrying out the condensation of alkyl thiophenes with aldehydes, the reaction products are invariably liquids that are insoluble in hydrocarbons, or resilient rubber-like masses or solids synthetic resins.

The temperature and time of reaction to be employed in the method of the present invention, as stated hereinbefore, must be carefully controlled. The temperature may vary between C. and 120 C., although, ordinarily, I prefer to use temperatures varying between 40 C. and 100 0. As noted already, the temperature and time of reaction are governed to a considerable extent by the nature of magnitude of the other reaction variables, and, predominantly, by the nature and concentration of the acid used as condensing agent, or by the nature and concentration of the acid produced by hydrolysis of the salt employed as condensing agent. Hence, the optimum temperature and time for efiecting a. given condensation reaction, in accordance with the method of the present invention, must be determined by one skilled in the art, the essential factor to be considered, in addition to the temperature andtime ing agent employed. t

In accordance with my invention, valuable synthetic resins may be obtained also by co-condensing alkyl thiophenes and phenol and/or thiophene with aldehydes. The proportion of alkyl thiophene to phenol in the charge may be changed at will to produce resins having a wide range of toughness and strength. Ordinarily, the molar ratio of alkyl thiophene reactant to phenol varies between'6:1 and 1:1, respectively. The reaction in this case likewise involves one molecular weight what upon whether monoalkyl thiophenes, dialkyl thiophenes or trialykl thiophenes are .used in the condensation or co-condensation reactions. For instance, monoalkyl thiophenes can be reacted, with aldehydes to produce liquid condensates which can be further condensed to form hard, heat and solvent-resistant protective coatings. These liquid or solid condensation products can be reacted with drying oils such as oiticica oil, linseed oil, perilla oil, dehydrated castor oil, and China-wood oil to produce viscous, varnish-like products. These latter products can be thinned with any of the conventional thinners without precipitating out the condensates. These condensation products can be obtained either by the condensation of monoalkyl thiophenes having three through eight carbon I atoms in the side chain with formaldehyde, or by carbon atoms in the side chain to form, oilsoluble varnish-type resins. The upper limit does not require such clear definition because the more carbons in the side chain, the more oilsoluble the resin will be, as is well understood in formaldehyde may be made completely oil-soluble by fusion with rosin, ester gums, polycoumarones, and the like, and mixtures thereof. Additional modifications of these products can be obtained by co-condensing monoalkyl thiophenes condensation products. This, however, is not the case for all dialykyl thiophenes. As already noted, when the hydrogen atoms are in the As in the condensation accordance with the present invention, depends some- I achieved, other variables remaining constant, in

accordance with the present invention, I can produce liquid condensation products, resilient rubber-like masses, and solid products. These products have properties that make them amenable to a wide variety of industrial applications. Thus, the liquid condensation products may be used in the paint and varnish industrm'in the I at a temperature of 150 C. for 2-3 hours.

tion of the benzene, 27 parts by weight of a brown, viscous liquid were recovered.

A plate was coated with a film of this liquid and the coated plate was placed in an oven and treated at a temperature of 160 C. for 2 hours. A very hard, resilient and solvent-resistant film resulted.

Nine parts by weight of the brown, viscous liquid and 18 parts by weight of bodied linseed oil were heated to a temperature of 293 C. and stirred at this temperature for about minutes. A dark, cloudy, viscous oil was obtained. Upon analysis, it was found to contain 3.4% sulfur. Upon thinrung with 20 parts by weight of thinner, 3-5 parts by weight of solid precipitated out.

A sample of this material was heated in an oven A thermosettingftype of resin was obtained.

manufacture orlaminated products"and 1111- pregnated wood, and canfbeyapplled to surfacesto produce highly desirable "protective coatings.

The resilient rubber-like. m'assesfcan be worked. pressed, and extrudedinto'anydesiredshape or I Example 3 Sixteen parts by weight of propyl .thiophene, 15

"parts by weight of a formalin solution containing about 36% formaldehyde (9.23:4 molecular ratio) form. They can be curediunder pres'sureand heated into hard thermosetting types of resins.

The solid products can be cast, molded and.com-

minuted into a wide variety of finished and intermediate products having great usefulness in industry.

The following detailed examples are for the purpose of illustrating modes of preparing the condensation products of my invention, it being clearly understood that'the invention is not to be considered as limited to the specific reactants disclosed hereinafter or to manipulations and conditions set forth in the examples. As it will be apparent to those skilled in the art, a wide variety of other condensation products within the scope of my invention may be prepared by a suitable modification of the reactants.

Example 1 Forty parts by weight of tertiary butyl thicphene, 40 parts by weight of a formalin solution containing about 36% formaldehyde (a 1:2 molecular ratio) and 3 partsby weight of 95% sulfuric acid were placed in a glass tube, the tube was sealed and the mixture was shaken for 40 hours at a temperature of 80-85 C. An oily material was separated, from the aqueous layer and dehydrated for one hour at 80 C. under a Example 2 Twenty-five parts by weight of methyl thiophene, 50 parts by weight of a formalin solution containing about 36% molecular ratio) and 2.5 parts by Weight of 95% sulfuric acid were placed in a 3-neck flask and stirred at atemperature of 80-85 C. for 2.5 hours. A yellow, oily condensate was obtained. The condensate was washed with water and steam-distilled for one hour. The condensate was extracted with benzene and after evaporaformaldehyde (a 1 3 I and 7 parts by weight of 95% sulfuric acid were placed in a glass tube. The tube was sealed and the mixture was shakezifor 40 hours at a tempera ture of 80-,-85 C. An oily, material wa separated from the aqueous layer andtdflhydrated for one hour at C. under 5 mm. vacuum.

Fifteen parts by weight ofqa red brown, viscous liquid were recovered. This product could be readily dissolved in benzene, linseed oil, etc.

Example 4 Nine parts by weight of di-tertiary amyl thiophene, 4 parts by weight of paraform aldehyde (a 1:3 molecular ratio) and one part by weight of sulfuric acid dissolved in 5 parts by weight of glacial acetic acid were placed in a beaker. and the mixture was stirred for one hour at a temperature of 6080 C.

Ten parts by weight of a red-brown viscous liquid which was soluble in petroleum ether were recovered.

Example 5 Ten parts by weight .of tri-tertiary bu'tyl thicphene, 4 parts by weight of paraformaldehyde (a 1:4 molecular ratio), and one part by weight of 95% sulfuric acid dissolved in 5 parts by weight of glacial acetic acid were placed in a beaker, and the mixture was stirred for one hour at a temperature of 60-80 C.

Eleven parts by weight of a red-brown, viscous liquid were recovered. The molecular weight and the sulfur content of this product corresponded to a compound having the following formula:

One hundred parts by weight of methyl thicphene, 60 parts by weight of phenol, parts by "weight of a formalin solution containing about 36% formaldehyde, and 5 parts by weight 01' 95% sulfuric acid were placed in a glass vessel and heated for 5 hours at a temperature of 90-100 C. 'The product was neutralized with potassium'hydroxide and the excess methyl thiophene was distilled off. A liquid resin was obtained.

thermosetting resin.

0. for several hours.

"and 23 P rts Ito replace that .lost.-

1 1 An aqueous solution of hexamethylenetetramine containing parts by weight of hexamethylenetetramine to parts by weight of water was added to the liquid resin while the latter was still fluid enough to stir. 2'70 parts by weight of a very viscous, liquid resin were obtained which solidified this product was converted to a brittle, easily ground solid. This resin, with or without filler, was converted by heat and pressure into a typical Example 7 Nineteen parts by weight of methyl thiophene,

15 parts by weight of a formalin solution containing about 36% formaldehyde, and 5 parts by weight of ammonium chloride were placed in a glass vessel, heated to a temperature 5-80? C. and stirred for 3 hours. The productwas subj ected'to .vacuum distillation to remove unreacted charge,

' A water, etc. 22 parts byweight of a viscous, brown oil were recovered. This 011 set to ahard film upon cooling." Upon removal of occluded water,

l2 and of water to produce an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid of less than 60% concentration, at temperatures varying between 40 C. and 100 0.,

and for a period of time sufllcient to effect f concentration; at temperatures varying between .40 C. and 100C., and for aperiod of time suilicient to'eifect resiniflcation. 1 a

whe'nleft man oven at a tem a of 'zminpzes "1 ring for 72 hours at a reflux temperature of about cons, benzene-soluble resin was obtained.

' A solution of .8 parts of sulfuric acid in 16 Y parts of water (approximately-32% H 804.) was added to a-mixture of '70 parts of t-butythiophene of par-aldehyde and'heated with'stir- ,4. The method of preparing synthetic products, which 1 comprises reacting a mixture of phenol and an alkyl thiophene selected from the group consisting of monoalkyl thiophene, diaikyl thiophene, and trialkyl thiophene, wherein the molar ratio of alkyl thiophene to phenol varies between 6:1 and 1:1, with an aldehyde selected from the groupconsistin'g of formaldehyde and paralde* hyde, in a molar'ratio corresponding to at least 1 one 'mole of aldehyde for each mole of alkyl thiophene and at least one mole of aldehyde for each mole of phenol in said mixture, in the pres- :60 C." More paraldehyde was added periodically he product was'then Y from the acid layer, washedv well with water, dried, and the t-butylthiophene. removed bydistilla'tion. 60 parts of a dark, vis- This application is a continuation-in-part of application Serial Number 562,903, filed November 10, 1944, now abandoned.

The presentinvention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it is therefore desired that the presentembodiments be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being had to the appended claims rather than to the foregoing description to indicate the scope of the invention. I claim: I 1. The method of preparing synthetic products,

which comprises reacting an alkyl thiophene selected from the group consisting of monoalkyl thiophene, dialkyl thiophene, and trialkyl thiophene, with an aldehyde selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde and paraldehyde, in a molar ratio corresponding to at least one mole of aldehyde for each mole of alkyl thiophene, in the presence of sulfuric acid in amounts 'of at least 0.1% based on the weight of alkyl thiophene, and of water to produce an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid of less than 80% concentration, at temperatures varying between 20 C. and

120 0., and for a period of time sufllcient to effect resinification. 2. The method of preparing synthetic products,-

least 0.1 based on the weight of alkyl thiophene,

mixture, and of water to produce an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid of less than concentration, at temperatures varying between 20"v C. and

120" C.', and for a period of time sufficient to effect resinification.

5. 'The method of preparing synthetic products, which comprises reacting a =mixture of phenol and an alkyl thiophene selected from the group consisting of monoalkyl thiophene, dialkyl thiophene, and trialkyl thiophene, wherein the molar ratio of alkyl thiophene to phenol varies between 6: l and 1:1, with an aldehyde selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde and paraldehyde, in a molar ratio corresponding to at least one mole of aldehyde foreach mole of alkyl thio phene and at least one mole of aldehyde for each mole of phenol in said-mixture, in the presence of sulfuric acid in amounts of at least 0.1% based on the weight of alkyl thiophene in said mixture, and of water toproduce an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid of less than 60% concentration, at

temperatures varying between 40 C. and C.. and for a period of time suflicient to effect resinification. Y

6. The product obtained by reacting a mixture of phenol and an alkyl thiophene selected from the group consisting of monoalkyl thiophene, dialkyl thiophene, and trialkyl thiophene, wherein the molar ratio of alkyl thiophene to phenol varies between 6:1 and 1:1, with an aldehyde selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde and paraldehyde, in a molar ratio corresponding to at least one mole of aldehyde for each mole of alkyl thiophene and at least one mole of aldehyde for each mole of phenol in said mixture, in the presence of sulfuric acid in amounts of at least 0.1% based on the weight of alkyl thiophene in said mixture, and of water to produce an aqueof aldehyde for each mole of alkyl thiophenain the presence of sulfuric acid in amounts of at least 0.1% based on the weight of alkyl thiophene, and of water to produce an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid of less than 80% concentration, at temperatures varying between 20 C. and 120 C., and for a period of time sufficient to effect resiniflcation.

8. The method of preparing oil-soluble synthetic products, which comprises reacting a monoalkyl thiophene containing less than three carbon atoms in the side chain, with paraldehyde, in a molar ratio corresponding to at least one mole of aldehyde for each mole of alkyl thiophene, in the presence of sulfuric acid in amounts of at least 0.1% based on the weight of alkyl thiophene, and of water to produce an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid of less than 60% concentration, at temperatures varying between 40 C. and 100 C., and for a period of time sufficient to effect resinification.

9. The product obtained by reacting a monoalkyl thiophene containing less than three carbon atoms in the side chain, with paraldehyde, in a molar ratio corresponding to at least one mole of aldehyde for each mole of alkyl thiophene, in the presence of sulfuric acid in amounts of at least 0.1% based on the weight of alkyl thiophene, and of water to produce an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid of less than 60% concentration, at temperatures varying between 40 C. and 100 C., and for a period of time suflicient to effect resiniflcation.

10. The method of preparing oil-soluble synthetic products, which comprises reacting a monoalkyl thiophene containing from three through five carbon atoms in the side chain, with formaldehyde, in a molar ratio corresponding to at least one mole of aldehyde for each mole of alkyl thiophene, in the presence of sulfuric acid in amounts of at least 0.1% based on the weight of alkyl thio- ,phene, and of water to produce an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid of less than 80% concentration, at temperatures varying between 20 C. and 120 C., and for a period of time sufficient to effect resinification. v v

11. The method of preparing oil-soluble synthetic products, which comprises reacting a monoalkyl thiophene containing from three through .five carbon atoms in the side chain, with formaldehyde, in a molar ratio corresponding to at least one mole of aldehyde for each mole of alkyl thiophene, in the presence of sulfuric acid in amounts of at least 0.1% based on the weight of alkyl thiophene, and of water to produce an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid of less than 60% concentration, at temperatures varying between C. and 100 C., and for a period of time sufiicient to effect resinification;

2. The product obtained by reacting a monoalkyl thiophene containing from three through five carbon atoms in the side chain, with formaldehyde, in a molar ratio corresponding to at least one mole of aldehyde for each mole of alkyl thiophene, in the presence of sulfuric acid in amounts of at least 0.1% based on the Weight of alkyl thiophene, and of water to produce an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid of less than concentration, at temperatures varying between 40 C. and 00 C., and for a period of time sufiicient to effect resinification.

PHILIP D. CAESAR.

No references cited. 

